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Hostile take over
 
How to do it ?
If enough spies are able to infiltrate a federation then they can elect themself as the leader of the federation. This `spy` can then proceed to kick any `unwanted` members out, this refers to members which is still loyal towards the older leader. Some or most members (depending on their loyalty) may choose to stay with your rule or leave the federation. This hostile take over would totally throw a federation upside down.
 
What is the purpose ?
Lets say your federation does not like another federation. Instead of scalling it over to a full scale federation war, a hostile take over is a very easy way of expanding a federation`s influence and power. This is because ultimately your federation can gain full support another federation once you have successfully taken it over.